Average National SAT Scores for 2013

More than a million high school students registered for the SAT for 2013. If youd like to know how your cohorts did, here are some results from the national SAT scores for 2013. Overall SAT Scores for 2013 These are the mean, or average, scores of all students who took the SAT from the fall of 2012 through June 2013, by section (they are identical to the the scores from the year before):   Here are the mean scores for all testers by section: Overall: 1498Critical Reading: 496Mathematics: 514Writing: 488 (subscores: multiple-choice: 48.1 / essay: 7.3) SAT Scores by Gender Here are the years scores separated by gender: Critical Reading:Males: 499Females: 494 Mathematics:Males: 531Females: 499 Writing:Males: 482Females: 493 SAT Scores by Reported Annual Income The results indicate consistently that students from wealthier families score higher on the SAT than kids from families with lower incomes. This doesnt mean that higher incomes produce smarter kids. Parents with more wealth might be more willing to purchase SAT prep  or retakes of the test. Here are the results: $0 - $20,000: 1326$20,000 - $40,000: 1402$40,000 - $60,000: 1461$60,000 - $80,000: 1497$80,000 - $100,000: 1535$100,000 - $120,000: 1569$120,000 - $140,000: 1581$140,000 - $160,000: 1604$160,000 - $200,000: 1625$200,000 and more: 1714 SAT Scores by Ethnicity There is no causal relationship between ethnicity and scores, but there are different results based on ethnicity: American Indian or Alaska Native: 1427Asian, Asian-American or Pacific Islander: 1645Black or African-American: 1278Mexican or Mexican-American: 1355Puerto Rican: 1354Other Hispanic, Latino, or Latin-American: 1354White: 1576Other: 1501No response: 1409 To spot trends, you may compare all the above data to the 2012 SAT results.   Other SAT Score Categories There are other categories of mean SAT scores, including the  average SAT scores for students entering the  top public schools  and the  scores for the top private schools.   2013 SAT Scores Summary These statistics represent the mean, but not the individual. Having nothing in common with the groups scoring the highest on the SAT doesnt mean that you cant secure a top-notch score. If you havent taken the SAT or are planning to retake it, there are  free SAT practice quizzes  and free SAT apps  you can use to help prepare yourself. Another authority suggests these additional ways of getting ready: Know the test structure.Write practice essays.Ensure that you have a calculator and spare batteries.Know when to guess on a question and when to skip it entirely.Get a good nights sleep.

Essay about Gun Control - 649 Words

The United States of America is the most heavily armed population in the world. There are 200 Million guns and 60 to 65 Million legal owners who have one or more guns. In the United States, more than half of the households have guns. In 1974, nearly two million guns were produced in the United States, and four hundred thousand guns were imported. In 1975, the House Judiciary Committee Report Number 94-1103 stated that there were about three hundred thousand actual or potential handgun deaths annually! Those figures are increasing rapidly, if we do not do anything to stop it, it will became a disaster in the future. The definition of a gun is a device that discharges a shot, shells, or bullets from a straight tube by a spark-producing†¦show more content†¦They are short in the barrel, low in caliber, and made of inferior materials, they only cost a few dollars, so anyone who wanted to commit a crime can afford to buy one. (Dolan 53-54) Guns are not only useless, but also are dangerous to kept at home. Guns are not very useful for self protection since 90 percent of all break-ins are committed when tenants are away. The guns they keep for self-protection are usually stolen. However, a gun kept for protection is six times more likely to kill someone you know rather than an attacker. Seventy percent of the people killed by handguns are shot by relatives or friends. A lot of people died in the Vietnam War, but there were more people killed by guns in the United States at the same period of time. There were fifty-eight thousand soldiers, marines, sailors and airmen killed in Vietnam, but three hundred thousand people were killed in the United States by guns!(Dolan 53-54). To keep the people in this nation away from the fear of misuse of guns, the first federal laws were passed in the early 1900s and dealt with both firearms and explosives. In 1927, Congress passed the Mailing of Firearms Acts, which prohibited all but certain people from sending a concealable weapon through mailing. As the time passed, there were more and more problems caused by guns, so we need new standards for our society. Under present law, a customers nameShow MoreRelatedGun Control766 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Paper Gun Control has been an issue that has been brought to the public’s eyes in recent years. This main issue has been going on for many years, for example when John F. Kennedy was assassinated; it raised public awareness to the lack of control on sales and also possession of guns in America. Until 1968 guns were available over the counter in stores and through mail catalogs to just about any adult in America. This was an example of how loosely guns were regulated which bring usRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control1007 Words   |  5 Pagesshootings and various other methods of gun violence, tens of thousands of people die every year. These gun-related deaths primarily originate from murder and children accidentally shooting themselves. Although those in favor of gun control tend to believe that guns should be terminated completely, the second amendment prevents lawmakers from being able to do so. Therefore, in order to combat these causes, alternative gun control solutions mu st be made for each one. Gun-related murders can be decreasedRead MoreThe Gun Laws And Gun Control965 Words   |  4 Pagesoriginate from the accessibility of guns, but rather the actions of an individual that has disregard for life in today s society. There will always be ways for the offender commit crimes with or without guns. What is being done about gun control? We have all heard of all the tragedies throughout the country regarding guns. According to the President (2013) We know that we cannot stop every act of violence with guns, but what if we tried to stop even one? Weapon controls in the U.S. is structured atRead MoreGun Control For Gun Violence880 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2015, 13,367 people lost their lives due to gun violence according to Gun Violence Archive. The Archive also states that out of that number, 693 were children from ages 0-11. We can all agree that there is indeed a problem that we have to address. The solution to that problem, however, has been debated by many. I believe the solution to this problem exists in three parts: Mandatory training and licensing along with more heavily secure gun storage, stricter regulations on the purchasing of a firearm—disabilitiesRead MoreGuns And Their Effect On Gun Control962 Words   |  4 PagesGuns and the ability to use them have been under attack in the United States and many other places throughout the World. There are groups of people that believe that as long as we have the right to bear arms that many unprotected people will lose their lives due to gun violence. There are many trends that come with gun violence and where these mass shooting occur, but a main one is that when a place legally prohibits carrying a weapon then that is where the most gun violence happens. Where guns areRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Gun Control Gun Control. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2016. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2016. In this website, it discusses the debatable topic of gun control. In the article titled Gun Control, it states that the â€Å"The United States is the leader in per-capita gun deaths among industrial nations.† The main point of this article was to get the point across about the controversy that this has brought into the United States, not only does it quote influentialRead MoreGuns And Gun Control855 Words   |  4 PagesThe rise in cases of gun violence and related incidences of assault has drawn the public to the issue of guns and gun control. Such has been evident within the spheres of politics especially with the last election period seeing the incumbent president Donald Trump suggesting on stringent gun control laws. However, despite the acknowledgment of the need to have better gun laws, much ground and consensus has never reached. Such, to an extent, contributed to the current lack of political goodwill withinRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesGuns have become a serious issue in today’s society. There have been incalculable incidents that involved a gun causing physical harm to a person. This can occur when guns are not properly stored in a safe location. House Bill 75 has been proposed to help solve this problem. With this bill set in place, if a minor has the ability to access a firearm unauthorized, the person responsible for that firearm will receive criminal penalties. As a matter of a fact, there have been cases reported aboutRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1342 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual liberties granted by the founding fathers. Countless U.S. news stations and support groups portray the mass shootings, gun violence, other gun propaganda, or naturally the use guns, as a scapegoat to support gun control. Guns do not harm people--people hurt people (And I have no doubt that this has been aforementioned extensively) however; the implementation of gun control in the U.S. will diminish the 2nd Amendment--the right to bare arms--as well as prevent the citizens the right to protectRead More Gun Control Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pages Gun Control Throughout America there is the constant debate concerning the second amendment or the right to bare arms. One day an innocent kid walking home from school gets shot in a drive by shooting is he just a victim of circumstance or could this of been easily prevented. There are lobbyist for the private ownership of guns and lobbyist for legislation to ban personal possession of guns for good. In this paper I hope that just maybe I can persuade you to think differently on a topic that’s

Gay Marriage Exploratory Essay Example For Students

Gay Marriage Exploratory Essay Exploratory Paper: Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal? The proposed legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. As a heavily campaigned development currently discussed in law assessment; these extremely confrontational and debatable political questions are facing present day American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, its affect on the parents, children, same sex couples, families, and the social and political world will be astronomical. The arguments surrounding the issue though confrontational nonetheless are easily seen from a wide array of perspectives. One of the perspectives states that marriage is a promise to a spouse to stay loyal and faithful in all aspects of the words. The act of marriage includes financial, legal and social responsibilities for each partner. No matter the composition of the couple, the rules of marriage are the same from most every angle. In the act of marriage two adults bond and lawfully and often, religiously, make a promise to take on its responsibilities. The greatest question, however, is to the sole reason as to why homosexual marriages should be declared illegal or nonexistent. The acceptance of Marriage in society has changed throughout the years. During the mid 20th century, divorce was frowned upon and interracial marriages were unheard of. Now, both are much more accepted and have only become accepted by time and the evolution of society. Same sex marriage though a somewhat newer concept coincides with the acceptance of divorce around the mid 20th century. Though acceptance of same sex marriage continues to increase many communities still find it shocking. Laws are being created all over the country, in different states, to either stop or support homosexual relationships. The state of California has stated two main reasons why same-sex marriage should not be legalized. Argument one says the only legitimate purpose of marriage is to reproduce and create life together in stable units. California explains that since same-sex couples cannot produce children, they should not be able to marry. The other argument states that only sexual relations intended for reproduction are morally and socially acceptable, and that marriage should be limited to those who engage in acceptable sexual relations (Wald, sec. 56). Another argument presented to turn away the idea of same gender marriages questioned the parenting and safety of raising a child in a homosexual home. Those against the idea say it is better for children to be raised by two opposite-sex married parents, claiming that children need parents of both sexes as role models (Wald, sec 47). They believe that a child raised by a homosexual couple will not be happy or stable in a family situation such as that. However, debaters say that hundreds of thousands of children all over the nation, live with single gay parents, or homosexual parents that do have a partner. The argument at hand questions, would the child benefit if the partners were married? The child would gain more of a family stability if the partners were to marry and the non- biological parent could adopt the child. This would give the child a more traditional and normal family value and lead to less confusion. (Wald, sec. 48) The state of California recently voted on Proposition 22, a law to ensure that the state will not tolerate or allow marriages of the same sex. It declares, Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid and recognized in California. (Ben White Washington Post) The proposition held 63 percent of votes in favor of the ban and only 37 of the votes against. The law was passed and made California the 31st state to ban gay marriage (Wehmeyer, par 1). Supporters of gay and lesbian unionization were furious with the results of the voting. Feeling stripped of their dignity and rights; homosexuals feel that the law is just one more prejudice against them. I would like the ability, says Laura Weinstock, a Californian citizen and lesbian, to have the equal benefits and protections of marriage and respect. As put by one political advertisement, It Proposition 22 would legalize the discrimination against gay and lesbian families' (Whemeyer, par. .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 , .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .postImageUrl , .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 , .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:hover , .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:visited , .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:active { border:0!important; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:active , .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7 .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc00e0f34a2091896fe5bf6bf5c2d7d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Inner Darkness Essay 1) Opponents had several reasons of why Proposition 22 should have been voted against. .

Legalization Of Marijuana Essays (1769 words) - Herbalism

Legalization Of Marijuana Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is the dried flower clusters and leaves of the hemp plant when taken to induce euphoria. Marijuana has been in existence for centuries even Magellan spoke of it during his trip to India. In his log he spoke of a plant that you smoked that made a man drunk without drinking. Marijuana would be beneficial if legalized because it would bring in extra money, it has medical uses, hemp is one of the best materials in the world and on average it is healthier for you then beer or liquor. The old cash crop of the Americas was tobacco in todays world it is marijuana. More marijuana is transported into and out of this country at a higher rate then tobacco. As of last year there were 1,147,591 of seized marijuana by the United States Coast Guard. If the average price of a pound of marijuana were only fifteen hundred dollars that would put the price at 1,721,386,500 when the GNP (Gross National Product) for year two thousand is projected at 17 billion. If marijuana were actually a taxed good at the normal rate of five percent that would put the price up to 1,807,455,825 it would take the price up a total of one hundred million dollars. Not only would the legalization bring in more then nine percent of the GNP. It would take the amount of drug dealing and money laundering due to dealing down. With this decrease in crime the money spent on police could be put to better use. The police could spend more time in trying to solve crimes such as murders or theft. Though in another area there would have to be a specific police unit to deal with these new stores. The insurance rate would also be astronomically high due to break-ins and the cost of the merchandise being sold. Though even now there are stores that do sell smoking accessories. I mean who honestly would smoke tobacco through a water bong. Ive never met a person who smokes tobacco through anything except a Sherlock pipe. These stores have been around for a long time and nothing extremely bad has ever happened to one. There just another type of store that can be taxed and put its share towards GNP. This is all a store that sold marijuana would do be taxed and brings its share of the GNP. How can it be wrong to legalize it? When this would bring in a huge portion of money to the US and put a large section of drug dealers out of work. Also the medicinal uses are humongous. While marijuana kills absolutely no one aspirin kills up to one thousand people per year and other prescription drugs kill up to twenty seven thousand people a year#. Also cannabis has been proven to take down the risk of cancer and they show a lower rate of illness then non-users#. Medical marijuana has been shown to relieve the symptoms that no other prescription drug has been able to do. The uses that it has the potential are amazing nothing else can compare to it except maybe penicillin. There is an amazing market for new medical drugs not just the development but the search for the all-amazing wonder drug still continues. Marijuana could be this drug if it was given a chance like every other drug it might surprise people but instead people try to ignore it when it has so many aspects of it. Smoking marijuana has been proven to be the most expedient method of use in medically needs.# At first glance people hear the world legalization and they automatically think smoking some pot. Yet there are many other#r aspects and reasons to legalize it. For one there are many uses for hemp. It is one of the strongest ropes ever made it is cheaper then normal rope and its faster to make. Hemp can also be used in the making of cloth. Hemp produces an extremely rugged cloth product that can be used to make shirts and pants. These products would be cheaper in production and sale, being the rugged durable fabric it is they would probably last longer then normal clothes.

The Awakening Essays (2034 words) - The Awakening, Edna, Grand Isle

The Awakening Carey Coco July 23, 1999 Dr. Jackson English 2070 Kate Chopin and Edna Pontellier as Feminists Kate Chopin is known for her literary works that depict culture in New Orleans, Louisiana, and of womens struggles for freedom. She was born Katherine OFlaherty in Missouri, and later married Oscar Chopin in 1870. He was a Creole cotton trader from New Orleans. Later they moved to a plantation near Cloutierville, Louisiana, where her husband died in 1882. She returned to Missouri with her six children, and began her writing career. She began writing mostly local color stories that earned her consideration as a contributor to Southern regional literature. She later began writing stories about womens need for independence and capacity for passion, such as The Story of an Hour and the well known The Awakening. Her stories of women developing sensuality and individuality attracted a storm of negative criticism. Her career was severely damaged by this and she only managed to publish three more stories, and they were not well received. (Seyersted, 15-19) At the end of the nineteenth century, American thoughts and beliefs were undergoing many changes. It was a period in which Americans were unsure about their feelings concerning the industrialization, urbanization, and changing social standards that were taking place. The first women's right convention was held in July of 1848, in New York. This was the beginning of the modern feminist movement. The women leaders pushed on until 1870, when the 15th Amendment allowed women the right to vote. (Seyersted, 45) This was also the year that Kate was married to Oscar Chopin. Noticing this we can realize how aware Chopin must have been of these changes, and how she used them to feel confident in allowing her novels to grow more liberal. This time of change also caused the awful reaction of The Awakening that Kate Chopin probably did not expect. Although the women in America were advancing, those in state of Louisiana were not. At the time the state operated under a different legal system than the rest of the country. Under the Louisiana Civil Code, article 1388, a woman was still the legal property of her husband, and the male had absolute (legal) control over the family. It also said, in article 1124, married women, babies, and the mentally ill were incompetent in making a legal contract. (Herman, 53) Wives were possessions to be cared for and displayed. They often brought a dowry or inherited wealth to a marriage. Like most of Chopins stories, The Awaking is set in the late 19th-century Creole society of the New Orleans area. It is the story of a young womans struggle to become herself. It concludes that the complete freedom and happiness that she yearns for is not available to her in socially appointed roles as a wife and mother. Edna Pontellier is married to her husband, Mr.Pontellier, a person whom she had married without love as an excuse (McQuade, 1661). The story opens during summer vacation at Grand Isle. This environment allows Edna to explore her own personality. It is on the island that Edna begins her awakening to life. She first realizes her dissatisfaction with her life. Then she learns the pleasure of swimming. It is on Grand Isle that she begins to feel sexual attraction to Robert, although her awakening to sexuality occurs months later. Edna also realizes that she is not a mother-woman this summer. She does love her two sons, but admits to Madame Ratignolle that she would never sacrifice herself for her children, or for anyone (McQuade, 1683). She distinguishes her person independent to the Edna that is a mother and wife. Although her husband, Leonce, would visit the island, Edna spent most of her time bonding with Robert Lebrun. She fell in love with him without even knowing it. Edna was able to be herself that summer. Not having to play all the roles her husband had provided her. Edna also bonded with two other women, Adele Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz. She studied each of the womans life roles. Adele was clearly a mother-woman to her children and her husband. To Edna, Adele looks like a faultless Madonna. An Edna can see that Adele has chosen the roles that

Cloning Regulation essays

Cloning Regulation essays Throughout the United States and much of the world the legal issues surrounding cloning have been hard pressed since the birth of Dolly in 1997. Dolly was created using a method called somatic cell nuclear transfer and not long after Dollys birth it was suggested that the same method be used to clone human beings. That is when the governments all around the world started paying much more attention to the concerns of cloning. Shortly after the birth of Dolly then President Clinton purposed a moratorium on any amount of federal funds for the research of human cloning because of the uncertainties that related to cloning. Clinton said that he would take appropriate actions after the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) concluded their thorough investigation of the societal effects that human cloning may have. Clinton believed that any discovery the touches upon the human creation is not simply a matter of scientific inquiry [but also]... a matter of morality and spirituality. In august of 1997, Clinton purposed a bill that would ban any cloned cells being placed in the womb of a female for five years, giving the NBAC adequate time to research and make a recommendation to congress on the medical, ethical, and legal aspects of human cloning. The NBAC research concluded the following: There are many psychological harms associated with the possibility of a diminished sense of individuality and personal autonomy. Human cloning could degrade the quality of parenting and family life. Because life could be replicated so easily, human cloning could create the potential for the people to be viewed as objects instead of as ends to themselves. Supporters of cloning are concerned that a ban would impinge on the personal choice, freedom of scientific inquiry and the potential for new biomedical breakthroughs. ...

Equal Rigths Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equal Rigths Amendment - Essay Example Gender based discrimination could also be observed in other social aspects. It was also seen screaming on the political front where women weren’t allowed to cast a vote and participate in the formulation of a democratic government. In the mid-nineteenth century, feminists(Gill)were the first to start the movement for the abolition of inequality from society. In this regard first planned meeting was arranged by the Women’s Rights Convention under the supervision of Elizabeth Candy Stanton and Lucretia Mott in Seneca Falls(Neale). This meeting was 2 days long and approximately 300 men and women participated.During the course of discussions, Alice Paul introduced the Equal Rights Amendment as(Francis): â€Å"If we keep on this way they will be celebrating the 150th anniversary of the 1848 convention without being much further advanced in equal rights than we are†¦. If we had not concentrated on the Federal Amendment we should be working today for suffrage†¦. We shall not be safe until the principle of equal rights is written into the framework of our government.† The purpose of this meeting was to raise a voice against injustice suffered by women in the male oriented society, which mercilessly made them a victim of ridicule and disrespect. Congress was later informed about the meeting and a request was put forward that asked for the ratification of equal rights for both men and women, and inclusion of this clause in the constitution. This effort received strong opposition from men, as well as a few women, who were against the notion of women standing at equal footing with men. In fourteenth amendment of the constitution, congress appalled all the workers of feminist movement by paying heed to their endless requests and introducing the equality clause in the constitution. According to the amendment, all the citizens of U.S have the equal rights. The word â€Å"male† was introduced for the first time in the constitution while ta lking about the electorate rights that still granted the voting ability to only the men of the country. Susan did not accept the exemption of women from the right to vote and therefore went to cast vote in presidential elections. As a result of this act, she was fine, arrested and convicted with this apparent crime. When this case was taken to the Supreme Court, it was decided that although women were very much citizens of the country, it was not necessary for every citizen to have the right to vote. Fourteenth amendment could not suppress this effort and the campaign for human rights continued for many years thereafter. Stanton, Susan, and Sojourner also fought to abolish slavery and demanded equal rights for the slaves. Stanton and Frederick made many impassioned speeches, urging the authorities to grant females the right to cast a vote in their country. This resulted in the Amendment of suffrage which was introduced in the constitution and supported women’s right to vote. Just after three years of the ratification of suffrage amendment, National Women’s Party forwarded an equal rights amendment to the Congress, which was ratified for years in every part of the country since 1923. This document has passed through different phases and was amended a number of times and finally got placed in the national constitution in much modified form. It was incorporated officially into the

Framework for proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Framework for proposal - Essay Example For these reasons, my proposal will include both technical and prose formats. 2. In section 1, I will organize my ideas into paragraphs written in a logical manner in order to guide and direct the reader. The ideas will be basically to provide background information, identify goals and objectives of the project. 3. In section 2 which will be written in prose, I will structure the proposal through the use of heading and subheadings which will be presented in such away that there will be a logical flow of ideas. Examples will be provided to enhance clarity and understanding. Markers may also be used to emphasize ideas, words, and phrases. The idea is to demonstrate why the expansion of the psychology department is needed. 4. The two common formats I will use in the TW sections include the use of concrete, direct, and specific language as well as the use of charts, graphs, tables, and lists in order to convey specific information. The use of concrete, direct, and specific language is to show preciseness and conciseness in presentation of specific technical information. The use of the charts, graphs, tables, and lists is important to show visual presentation of specific information. 5. In section 2 of the proposal, it will be important to use present information about the limited capacity of the psychology department. Data that might be presented include the limited number of available facilities, instructors, administrators, and students. After presenting these data, I will show why the department needs to be expanded. In section 4, I might provide data about how expansion of the psychology department in other universities has benefited these universities. I might even present opinions from students, administrators, and instructors supporting the expansion. 7. In the prose parts of the proposal, I will use standard English, figurative language, and even slang while in

Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Capitalism - Essay Example The present day Dubai is capitalist and this is because the profit motive controls all undertakings and the royal family enjoys most of the profits acquired from the production of various commodities. For example, the Dubai royal family controls most of the oil reserves in the country and they fund other sectors of the economy in order to gain from different areas and build up wealth. In my work environment, which is the court, capitalism exists and an example of this is that there are minorities who control the legal structures and they can get away with crimes through unethical practices. There are various aspects of welfare state in the UAE and these include the government providing free education and access to funds for development purposes. The country also engages in helping its neighbors all in the effort of providing benefits to people all over the world. The UAE was not capitalist 100 years ago, and this can be explained by the fact that people could help each other to survive and even at times for free. People traded with various items such as fish, and this was not for the profit motive, but to work together in order to survive. However, this has now changed and everything is done with the motive of earning a profit. I believe that despite capitalism being just in that one gets what they work for, it is evil and people should help each other to survive and not be greedy in order to accrue wealth as others suffer from poverty. Everyone has a right to survive and exploiting others to amass more wealth as others suffer in poverty is

Amplitude modulation

Amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent. For example, changes in the signal strength can be used to reflect the sounds to be reproduced by a speaker, or to specify the light intensity of television pixels. (Contrast this with frequency modulation, also commonly used for sound transmissions, in which the frequency is varied; and phase modulation, often used in remote controls, in which the phase is varied) In the mid-1870s, a form of amplitude modulation—initially called undulatory currents—was the first method to successfully produce quality audio over telephone lines. Beginning with Reginald Fessendens audio demonstrations in 1906, it was also the original method used for audio radio transmissions, and remains in use today by many forms of communication—AM is often used to refer to the mediumwave broadcast band (see AM radio). Forms of amplitude modulation As originally developed for the electric telephone, amplitude modulation was used to add audio information to the low-powered direct current flowing from a telephone transmitter to a receiver. As a simplified explanation, at the transmitting end, a telephone microphone was used to vary the strength of the transmitted current, according to the frequency and loudness of the sounds received. Then, at the receiving end of the telephone line, the transmitted electrical current affected an electromagnet, which strengthened and weakened in response to the strength of the current. In turn, the electromagnet produced vibrations in the receiver diaphragm, thus closely reproducing the frequency and loudness of the sounds originally heard at the transmitter. In contrast to the telephone, in radio communication what is modulated is a continuous wave radio signal (carrier wave) produced by a radio transmitter. In its basic form, amplitude modulation produces a signal with power concentrated at the carrier frequency and in two adjacent sidebands. This process is known as heterodyning. Each sideband is equal in bandwidth to that of the modulating signal and is a mirror image of the other. Amplitude modulation that results in two sidebands and a carrier is often called double sideband amplitude modulation (DSB-AM). Amplitude modulation is inefficient in terms of power usage and much of it is wasted. At least two-thirds of the power is concentrated in the carrier signal, which carries no useful information (beyond the fact that a signal is present); the remaining power is split between two identical sidebands, though only one of these is needed since they contain identical information. To increase transmitter efficiency, the carrier can be removed (suppressed) from the AM signal. This produces a reduced-carrier transmission or double-sideband suppressed-carrier (DSBSC) signal. A suppressed-carrier amplitude modulation scheme is three times more power-efficient than traditional DSB-AM. If the carrier is only partially suppressed, a double-sideband reduced-carrier (DSBRC) signal results. DSBSC and DSBRC signals need their carrier to be regenerated (by a beat frequency oscillator, for instance) to be demodulated using conventional techniques. Even greater efficiency is achieved—at the expense of increased transmitter and receiver complexity—by completely suppressing both the carrier and one of the sidebands. This is single-sideband modulation, widely used in amateur radio due to its efficient use of both power and bandwidth. A simple form of AM often used for digital communications is on-off keying, a type of amplitude-shift keying by which binary data is represented as the presence or absence of a carrier wave. This is commonly used at radio frequencies to transmit Morse code, referred to as continuous wave (CW) operation. In 1982, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) designated the various types of amplitude modulation as follows: Designation Description A3E double-sideband full-carrier the basic AM modulation scheme R3E single-sideband reduced-carrier H3E single-sideband full-carrier J3E single-sideband suppressed-carrier B8E independent-sideband emission C3F vestigial-sideband Lincompex linked compressor and expander Example: double-sideband AM A carrier wave is modeled as a simple sine wave, such as: c(t) = Ccdot sin(omega_c t + phi_c),, where the radio frequency (in Hz) is given by: omega_c / (2pi)., For generality, C,and phi_c,are arbitrary constants that represent the carrier amplitude and initial phase. For simplicity, we set their respective values to 1 and 0. Let m(t) represent an arbitrary waveform that is the message to be transmitted. And let the constant M represent its largest magnitude. For instance: m(t) = Mcdot cos(omega_m t + phi)., Thus, the message might be just a simple audio tone of frequency omega_m / (2pi)., It is generally assumed that omega_m ll omega_c, and that min[ m(t) ] = -M., Then amplitude modulation is created by forming the product: y(t), = [A + m(t)]cdot c(t),, = [A + Mcdot cos(omega_m t + phi)]cdot sin(omega_c t). A,represents another constant we may choose. The values A=1, and M=0.5, produce a y(t) depicted by the graph labelled 50% Modulation in 4. For this simple example, y(t) can be trigonometrically manipulated into the following equivalent form: y(t) = Acdot sin(omega_c t) + begin{matrix}frac{M}{2} end{matrix} left[sin((omega_c + omega_m) t + phi) + sin((omega_c omega_m) t phi)right]., Therefore, the modulated signal has three components, a carrier wave and two sinusoidal waves (known as sidebands) whose frequencies are slightly above and below omega_c., Also notice that the choice A=0 eliminates the carrier component, but leaves the sidebands. That is the DSBSC transmission mode. To generate double-sideband full carrier (A3E), we must choose: A ge M., For more general forms of m(t), trigonometry is not sufficient. But if the top trace of 2 depicts the frequency spectrum, of m(t), then the bottom trace depicts the modulated carrier. It has two groups of components: one at positive frequencies (centered on + ωc) and one at negative frequencies (centered on − ωc). Each group contains the two sidebands and a narrow component in between that represents the energy at the carrier frequency. We need only be concerned with the positive frequencies. The negative ones are a mathematical artifact that contains no additional information. Therefore, we see that an AM signals spectrum consists basically of its original (2-sided) spectrum shifted up to the carrier frequency. For those interested in the mathematics of 2, it is a result of computing the Fourier transform of: [A + m(t)]cdot sin(omega_c t),,using the following transform pairs: begin{align} m(t) quad stackrel{mathcal{F}}{Longleftrightarrow}quad M(omega) \ sin(omega_c t) quad stackrel{mathcal{F}}{Longleftrightarrow}quad i pi cdot [delta(omega +omega_c)-delta(omega-omega_c)] \ Acdot sin(omega_c t) quad stackrel{mathcal{F}}{Longleftrightarrow}quad i pi A cdot [delta(omega +omega_c)-delta(omega-omega_c)] \ m(t)cdot sin(omega_c t) quad stackrel{mathcal{F}}{Longleftrightarrow} frac{1}{2pi}cdot {M(omega)} * {i pi cdot [delta(omega +omega_c)-delta(omega-omega_c)]} \ = frac{i}{2}cdot [M(omega +omega_c) M(omega -omega_c)] end{align} In terms of the positive frequencies, the transmission bandwidth of AM is twice the signals original (baseband) bandwidth—since both the positive and negative sidebands are shifted up to the carrier frequency. Thus, double-sideband AM (DSB-AM) is spectrally inefficient, meaning that fewer radio stations can be accommodated in a given broadcast band. The various suppression methods in Forms of AM can be readily understood in terms of the diagram in 2. With the carrier suppressed there would be no energy at the center of a group. And with a sideband suppressed, the group would have the same bandwidth as the positive frequencies of M(omega)., The transmitter power efficiency of DSB-AM is relatively poor (about 33%). The benefit of this system is that receivers are cheaper to produce. The forms of AM with suppressed carriers are found to be 100% power efficient, since no power is wasted on the carrier signal which conveys no information. Modulation index As with other modulation indices, in AM, this quantity, also called modulation depth, indicates by how much the modulated variable varies around its original level. For AM, it relates to the variations in the carrier amplitude and is defined as: h = frac{mathrm{peak value of } m(t)}{A} = frac{M}{A}, where M,and A,were introduced above. So if h = 0.5, the carrier amplitude varies by 50% above and below its unmodulated level, and for h = 1.0 it varies by 100%. To avoid distortion in the A3E transmission mode, modulation depth greater than 100% must be avoided. Practical transmitter systems will usually incorporate some kind of limiter circuit, such as a VOGAD, to ensure this. Variations of modulated signal with percentage modulation are shown below. In each image, the maximum amplitude is higher than in the previous image. Note that the scale changes from one image to the next. Amplitude modulator designs This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) This article only describes one highly specialized aspect of its associated subject. Please help improve this article by adding more general information. (October 2009) Circuits A wide range of different circuits have been used for AM, but one of the simplest circuits uses anode or collector modulation applied via a transformer. While it is perfectly possible to create good designs using solid-state electronics, valved (vacuum tube) circuits are shown here. In general, valves are able to more easily yield RF powers, in excess of what can be easily achieved using solid-state transistors. Most high-power broadcast stations still use valves. Anode modulation using a transformer. The tetrode is supplied with an anode supply (and screen grid supply) which is modulated via the transformer. The resistor R1 sets the grid bias; both the input and outputs are tuned LC circuits which are tapped into by inductive coupling Modulation circuit designs can be broadly divided into low and high level. Low level Here a small audio stage is used to modulate a low power stage; the output of this stage is then amplified using a linear RF amplifier. Advantages The advantage of using a linear RF amplifier is that the smaller early stages can be modulated, which only requires a small audio amplifier to drive the modulator. Disadvantages The great disadvantage of this system is that the amplifier chain is less efficient, because it has to be linear to preserve the modulation. Hence Class C amplifiers cannot be employed. An approach which marries the advantages of low-level modulation with the efficiency of a Class C power amplifier chain is to arrange a feedback system to compensate for the substantial distortion of the AM envelope. A simple detector at the transmitter output (which can be little more than a loosely coupled diode) recovers the audio signal, and this is used as negative feedback to the audio modulator stage. The overall chain then acts as a linear amplifier as far as the actual modulation is concerned, though the RF amplifier itself still retains the Class C efficiency. This approach is widely used in practical medium power transmitters, such as AM radiotelephones. High level With high level modulation, the modulation takes place at the final amplifier stage where the carrier signal is at its maximum Advantages One advantage of using class C amplifiers in a broadcast AM transmitter is that only the final stage needs to be modulated, and that all the earlier stages can be driven at a constant level. These class C stages will be able to generate the drive for the final stage for a smaller DC power input. However, in many designs in order to obtain better quality AM the penultimate RF stages will need to be subject to modulation as well as the final stage. Disadvantages A large audio amplifier will be needed for the modulation stage, at least equal to the power of the transmitter output itself. Traditionally the modulation is applied using an audio transformer, and this can be bulky. Direct coupling from the audio amplifier is also possible (known as a cascode arrangement), though this usually requires quite a high DC supply voltage (say 30 V or more), which is not suitable for mobile units. See also * AM radio * Mediumwave band used for AM broadcast radio * Longwave band used for AM broadcast radio * Frequency modulation * Shortwave radio almost universally uses AM, narrow FM occurring above 25MHz. * Modulation, for a list of other modulation techniques * Amplitude modulation signalling system (AMSS), a digital system for adding low bitrate information to an AM signal. * Sideband, for some explanation of what this is. * Types of radio emissions, for the emission types designated by the ITU * Airband * Quadrature amplitude modulation References * Newkirk, David and Karlquist, Rick (2004). Mixers, modulators and demodulators. In D. G. Reed (ed.), The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications (81st ed.), pp.15.1-15.36. Newington: ARRL. ISBN 0-87259-196-4. Pulse-amplitude modulation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Principle of PAM; (1) original Signal, (2) PAM-Signal, (a) Amplitude of Signal, (b) Time Overview Pulse-amplitude modulation, acronym PAM, is a form of signal modulation where the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a series of signal pulses. Example: A two bit modulator (PAM-4) will take two bits at a time and will map the signal amplitude to one of four possible levels, for example −3 volts, −1 volt, 1 volt, and 3 volts. Demodulation is performed by detecting the amplitude level of the carrier at every symbol period. Pulse-amplitude modulation is widely used in baseband transmission of digital data, with non-baseband applications having been largely superseded by pulse-code modulation, and, more recently, by pulse-position modulation. In particular, all telephone modems faster than 300 bit/s use quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). (QAM uses a two-dimensional constellation). Usage of Pulse-amplitude modulation in Ethernet It should be noted, however, that some versions of the widely popular Ethernet communication standard are a good example of PAM usage. In particular, the Fast Ethernet 100BASE-T2 medium, running at 100Mb/s, utilizes 5 level PAM modulation (PAM-5) running at 25 megapulses/sec over two wire pairs. A special technique is used to reduce inter-symbol interference between the unshielded pairs. Later, the gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-T medium raised the bar to use 4 pairs of wire running each at 125 megapulses/sec to achieve 1000Mb/s data rates, still utilizing PAM-5 for each pair. The IEEE 802.3an standard defines the wire-level modulation for 10GBASE-T as a Tomlinson-Harashima Precoded (THP) version of pulse-amplitude modulation with 16 discrete levels (PAM-16), encoded in a two-dimensional checkerboard pattern known as DSQ128. Several proposals were considered for wire-level modulation, including PAM with 12 discrete levels (PAM-12), 10 levels (PAM-10), or 8 levels (PAM-8), both with and without Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP). amplitude modulation DEFINITION- Also see modulation. Amplitude modulation (AM) is a method of impressing data onto an alternating-current (AC) carrier waveform.The highest frequency of the modulating data is normally less than 10 percent of the carrier frequency.The instantanous amplitude (overall signal power) varies depending on the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating data. In AM, the carrier itself does not fluctuate in amplitude.Instead, the modulating data appears in the form of signal components at frequencies slightly higher and lower than that of the carrier.These components are called sidebands. The lower sideband (LSB) appears at frequencies below the carrier frequency; the upper sideband (USB) appears at frequencies above the carrier frequency.The LSB and USB are essentially mirror images of each other in a graph of signal amplitude versus frequency, as shown in the illustration.The sideband power accounts for the variations in the overall amplitude of the signal. When a carrier is amplitude-modulated with a pure sine wave, up to 1/3 (33 percent) of the overall signal power is contained in the sidebands.The other 2/3 of the signal power is contained in the carrier, which does not contribute to the transfer of data.With a complex modulating signal such as voice, video, or music, the sidebands generally contain 20 to 25 percent of the overall signal power; thus the carrier consumes 75 to 80 percent of the power.This makes AM an inefficient mode.If an attempt is made to increase the modulating data input amplitude beyond these limits, the signal will become distorted, and will occupy a much greater bandwidth than it should.This is called overmodulation, and can result in interference to signals on nearby frequencies. Analog modulation methods A low-frequency message signal (top) may be carried by an AM or FM radio wave. Common analog modulation techniques are: * Amplitude modulation (AM) (here the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal) o Double-sideband modulation (DSB) Â § Double-sideband modulation with unsuppressed carrier (DSB-WC) (used on the AM radio broadcasting band) Â § Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission (DSB-SC) Â § Double-sideband reduced carrier transmission (DSB-RC) o Single-sideband modulation (SSB, or SSB-AM), Â § SSB with carrier (SSB-WC) Â § SSB suppressed carrier modulation (SSB-SC) o Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB, or VSB-AM) o Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) * Angle modulation o Frequency modulation (FM) (here the frequency of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the instantaneous frequency of the modulating signal) o Phase modulation (PM) (here the phase shift of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the instantaneous phase shift of the modulating signal) AMPLITUDE MODULATION How it works. We know that something as simple as a crystal diode (rectifier) can be used to capture sound from the air and put it into a pair of earphones or an amplifier and speaker. How can this work? We will cover that here and now. All AM (Amplitude Modulation) detectors work basically the same way. What is AM? What we can hear as audio is classically considered to be the frequency range between 20 and 20,000 cycles per second (here after referred to as cycles and abandoning hertz) which I have never liked). In reality most adults can only hear up to about 13,000 cycles. Most speakers cant reproduce anything lower than 30 cycles in spite of the exaggerated claims of proud owners. So lets be generous and call audio 30 to 15,000 cycles. Radio frequencies are between 8,000 cycles and 50,000 megacycles. Thats right there is a range of frequencies that depending on how they are treated can be audio or radio. The AM radio band begins at 540 kilocycles. For simplicity lets say that we want to transmit a 10,000 cycle tone on a radio transmitter operating on 250 kilocycles. The 250 kc transmitting frequency is called the carrier wave because it may be thought of as carrying the audio. The 10,000 cycle audio frequency is called the modulating frequency. We may get into side-bands later. In the above the upper wave is the modulating wave and three cycles of it can be seen. The lower wave is the modulated carrier wave and 75 cycles are visible. (You can count them for yourself or take my word for it.) Notice as the modulating wave goes up the total amplitude of the carrier wave (measured from negative peak to positive peak) goes up. As the modulating wave goes down the amplitude of the carrier wave goes down. When the modulating wave is at zero (the point where it begins and ends) the carrier wave is at its middle or unmodulated value. Think of the modulating wave as controlling a valve that the carrier wave is passing through. (I have direct conformation from England, thats why the British call tubes valves.) The carrier wave can then be sent to an antenna which radiates it out for all the world to hear. Detecting the signal Detection is the word applied to the process of recovering the audio frequencies from the radio frequency carrier. In the case of amplitude modulation it is very simple. All we need to do is to rectify the signal. Rectification is the process used in power supplies to change AC to DC. Its really quite similar for detecting radio signals. Compare the carrier wave in the below with the one in the above. The wave has been run through a rectifier which removed the bottom half of every cycle. If we draw a line connecting the peaks we have the original modulating signal back again. Connecting the peaks is done by using a capacitor to charge up to the peak value and discharge through a resistor just fast enough to follow the modulating frequency but not so fast as to cause a large variation at the carrier frequency. The frequencies chosen for this drawing are fairly close together to make it possible to see the individual cycles on your computer screen. When dealing with the AM broadcast band the carrier frequencies range from 540 kc to 1600 kc. 10,000 cycles is the absolute upper limit for audio on AM and most transmitters only make it to about 8,000 cycles. Look back at the diagram of the crystal set. Use your back button to return here. If you are familiar with power supply circuits you will recognize it as a half wave rectifier with a capacitor to filter out ripple. The resistor makes the capacitor discharge just fast enough but not too fast. A much more rigorous discussion of AM, including side bands, is available by clicking here. This includes not only AM but SSB and FM. AMPLITUDE MODULATION Amplitude modulation or AM as it is often called, is a form of modulation used for radio transmissions for broadcasting and two way radio communication applications. Although one of the earliest used forms of modulation it is still in widespread use today. The first amplitude modulated signal was transmitted in 1901 by a Canadian engineer named Reginald Fessenden. He took a continuous spark transmission and placed a carbon microphone in the antenna lead. The sound waves impacting on the microphone varied its resistance and in turn this varied the intensity of the transmission. Although very crude, signals were audible over a distance of a few hundred metres, although there was a rasping sound caused by the spark. With the introduction of continuous sine wave signals, transmissions improved significantly, and AM soon became the standard for voice transmissions. Nowadays, amplitude modulation, AM is used for audio broadcasting on the long medium and short wave bands, and for two way radio communication at VHF for aircraft. However as there now are more efficient and convenient methods of modulating a signal, its use is declining, although it will still be very many years before it is no longer used. What is amplitude modulation? In order that a radio signal can carry audio or other information for broadcasting or for two way radio communication, it must be modulated or changed in some way. Although there are a number of ways in which a radio signal may be modulated, one of the easiest, and one of the first methods to be used was to change its amplitude in line with variations of the sound. The basic concept surrounding what is amplitude modulation, AM, is quite straightforward. The amplitude of the signal is changed in line with the instantaneous intensity of the sound. In this way the radio frequency signal has a representation of the sound wave superimposed in it. In view of the way the basic signal carries the sound or modulation, the radio frequency signal is often termed the carrier. What is amplitude modulation, AM Amplitude Modulation, AM When a carrier is modulated in any way, further signals are created that carry the actual modulation information. It is found that when a carrier is amplitude modulated, further signals are generated above and below the main carrier. To see how this happens, take the example of a carrier on a frequency of 1 MHz which is modulated by a steady tone of 1 kHz. The process of modulating a carrier is exactly the same as mixing two signals together, and as a result both sum and difference frequencies are produced. Therefore when a tone of 1 kHz is mixed with a carrier of 1 MHz, a sum frequency is produced at 1 MHz + 1 kHz, and a difference frequency is produced at 1 MHz 1 kHz, i.e. 1 kHz above and below the carrier. If the steady state tones are replaced with audio like that encountered with speech of music, these comprise many different frequencies and an audio spectrum with frequencies over a band of frequencies is seen. When modulated onto the carrier, these spectra are seen above and below the carrier. It can be seen that if the top frequency that is modulated onto the carrier is 6 kHz, then the top spectra will extend to 6 kHz above and below the signal. In other words the bandwidth occupied by the AM signal is twice the maximum frequency of the signal that is used to modulated the carrier, i.e. it is twice the bandwidth of the audio signal to be carried. Amplitude demodulation Amplitude modulation, AM, is one of the most straightforward ways of modulating a radio signal or carrier. The process of demodulation, where the audio signal is removed from the radio carrier in the receiver is also quite simple as well. The easiest method of achieving amplitude demodulation is to use a simple diode detector. This consists of just a handful of components:- a diode, resistor and a capacitor. AM diode detector AM Diode Detector In this circuit, the diode rectifies the signal, allowing only half of the alternating waveform through. The capacitor is used to store the charge and provide a smoothed output from the detector, and also to remove any unwanted radio frequency components. The resistor is used to enable the capacitor to discharge. If it were not there and no other load was present, then the charge on the capacitor would not leak away, and the circuit would reach a peak and remain there. Advantages of Amplitude Modulation, AM There are several advantages of amplitude modulation, and some of these reasons have meant that it is still in widespread use today: * It is simple to implement * it can be demodulated using a circuit consisting of very few components * AM receivers are very cheap as no specialised components are needed. Disadvantages of amplitude modulation Amplitude modulation is a very basic form of modulation, and although its simplicity is one of its major advantages, other more sophisticated systems provide a number of advantages. Accordingly it is worth looking at some of the disadvantages of amplitude modulation. * It is not efficient in terms of its power usage * It is not efficient in terms of its use of bandwidth, requiring a bandwidth equal to twice that of the highest audio frequency * It is prone to high levels of noise because most noise is amplitude based and obviously AM detectors are sensitive to it. Summary AM has advantages of simplicity, but it is not the most efficient mode to use, both in terms of the amount of space or spectrum it takes up, and the way in which it uses the power that is transmitted. This is the reason why it is not widely used these days both for broadcasting and for two way radio communication. Even the long, medium and short wave broadcasts will ultimately change because of the fact that amplitude modulation, AM, is subject to much higher levels of noise than are other modes. For the moment, its simplicity, and its wide usage, mean that it will be difficult to change quickly, and it will be in use for many years to come

Whaling: One of the Big Issues in the World

Whaling Whaling is the hunting of whales and it is one of the big issues in the world. Japan is one of the pro-whaling countries and a majority of the Western countries are objecting to Japan. However, this essay would like to insist that whaling is a part of the Japanese rural traditional culture, so it is important for some Japanese people. Therefore, the essay support the idea that whale hunting should not be prohibited.This essay aims to tell people who do not know about Japanese whaling well that the true Japanese attitude toward whaling is very different from what they imagine, and o clear up an opponent's misunderstanding of it. What are the motivations for whaling in Japan? What are the social implications of whaling in Japan? I will answer to these questions. First of all, the biggest reason why a lot of countries oppose whaling is that whales are endangered species. However, the truth is Japan is hunting adequate numbers concerning the numbers of whales to prevent them from becoming extinct.In the world, it is said, â€Å"there are 84 species of whales† and â€Å"out of all of the 84 species, only a limited number traditionally have been hunted, such as blue whales, fin whales, inke whales, humpback whales, sperm whales and gray whales† Oapan Whaling Association). According to Gardiner, â€Å"When whales were over-hunted, species such as blue whales and right whales were reduced to very low population levels, but these species now have been fully protected for decades â€Å"(21). Then, Japan is not hunting these species and strongly believes that they should continue to be protected.On the other hand, there are species which are abundant enough that marine management is needed, † such as the Antarctic and northwestern Pacific minke hales and northwestern Pacific Bryde's whales† Oapan Whaling Association). Gardiner also said that â€Å"there are three times as many minke whales as there were 30 years ago, and humpbacks are increasing by 17 percent a year† (21). Actually, for example, â€Å"Antarctic minke whales are hunted 850 out of 442,000 by Japan, and this amount is only 0. 2% of 442,000† Oapan Whaling Association).Thus, thanks to the advanced use of computers, we can obtain precise and clear data of the numbers of whales, so IWC, The International Whaling Commission, is the global ntergovernmental body charged with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling, can determine appropriate numbers of whales to catch quotas on a stock by stock basis. Therefore, Japanese whaling will not harm the health of the whale populations. No whales have ever been hunted to extinction, nor will they be. Then why is Japan still hunting whales in spite of being opposed by many countries?It is because hunting whales and eating their meat is the Japanese traditional culture. Japanese people have been living with whales from prehistoric age until now. During this long history, whaling culture such as songs, dances, and traditional crafts have begun through whaling. On the other side of the coin, Japanese people have received benefits from whaling. In fact, there is a faith in whales which is for holding a memorial service for whales by way of warning because Japanese people know that taking their lives is a really serious matter.Peace said that â€Å"the Japanese do not attach the same significance to the whale as Westerners do because of the way it is culturally categorized† (7). Then, â€Å"the whale falls into the ategory of fish rather than mammal: the character for Whale' has two parts, the first being the sign for a fish† (Peace 7). Therefore, it also shows clearly that there is a big cultural difference between Japan and Westerners, and it is very difficult to bridge the gap.Morishita also argued that â€Å"Japan, with limited grazing land and adherence to Buddhist teachings that prohibited eating of land mammals, has long resorted to the oceans to supply its animal protein. This is why we consider our food culture a ‘seafood culture' in contrast to the European and US' cattle culture'. † We recognize hat there are diverse food cultures in the world, and some people only accept eating of pigs and cattle while others regard eating animals as normal, so eating whales is almost the same for Japanese too.Whale dietary culture has begun from â€Å"around 1952, whale meat was officially included in school lunch-boxes nationwide, staying there for a couple of decades† according to Blok (56). Consequently, older generations in Japanese society widely share memories of eating the meat of whales during childhood. It is said that â€Å"Japanese dietary habits have changed drastically, with beef, ork and chicken, taking over and whale-meat all but disappearing, then whale-mean has become a highly â€Å"select† food, usually enjoyed at special occasions or at specific whale cuisine restaurants† (Blok 56).Th us, whale-meat eating became more special, traditional, and valuable action for Japanese, so this tradition should be passed down the generations. Some people might say that Japan is the only country, which is hunting whales, but it is wrong. Actually, Norway, Iceland, and Alaska are hunting whales too though, â€Å"Japan seems to take the blame for all the whaling in the world† (Gardiner 21). He also continued to say â€Å"Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Canada take twice as many whales as Japan.Yet the Japanese are seen as taking more than everyone† (Gardiner 21). It means that maybe the argument of whaling is almost the one-way conversation and other countries ignore a Japanese insistence. Gardiner also said â€Å"many articles written on whaling in major Western magazines seem to have an anti-Japanese bias and such media have manipulated various governments over the years into believing that the majority of New Zealanders oppose whaling† (22). Therefore, un fortunately this makes people get the wrong mpression of Japanese whaling.For preventing this, the media must report opinions of the both sides about whaling and have to stick with a neutral position, so that people also can understand there is a big cultural difference. Whaling is very controversial issue in the world and it is very difficult to say whether that action is right or wrong, because, needless to say, there is a difference in values between the pro-whaling and the anti-whaling communities. However, this essay aimed to dispel the misconception about Japanese values toward whaling and understand their point of view.Then the research supports the idea that whaling should not be banned, because some species of whales are not endangered and furthermore, Japan knows very well about how many whales they can hunt without threatening them with extinction and the country also protects endangered species. In addition, eating whale-meat connects to the Japanese tradition and Japan considers whales as fish compared to Western countries as mammals. Therefore, the essay would like some people to know that these truths and not be manipulated by the biased media. Japanese whaling nas social implications, such as culture, tood, and employment.Some people live because the Job of whaling, so if it is banned, they would lose their jobs and some young people have to leave their town, because they would not be able to get a Job. Therefore, whaling is important for Japan so should not be banned. Furthermore, it is important to educate the Western world about this topic, because there are many values in this world, so people must not to be biased when they think about a world issue. Then discussing and exchanging views of the both sides with each other not by attacking mentally and physically would also create cross-cultural nderstanding.

A brief comparison between characters Essay

In the start we see that the two children of Mr and Mrs Birling(Sheila and Eric), support their parents in the beginning. Their character was exactly mirrored their parents view. Gerald however, is remains the same and refuses to change his character and is the same as Mr and Mrs Birling. This is not so obvious in the beginning, but if u study the book really carefully, you would see that there are many quotes that suggest that Gerald Croft was always in support of Mr. Birling, such as â€Å"Yes, exactly so† and so on. Mr Birling also goes on to tell Gerald and Eric â€Å"how a man should know how to look after himself†. This shows Mr Birling lack of civic mindedness and how emphasises on how selfish he is. There are also other instances on how selfish he is. For example, when he only cares for his knighthood and his reputation when news gets round of his family causing Eva to commit suicide. There is also no doubt that he is a unfeeling man when he shows no regret and remorse when he sacked Eva. Rather, he feels that he was not responsible for Eva Smith’s death. Mrs. Birling had almost a 100 percent mirror of Mr. Birling except that she flexes her muscles as head of the charity organization to refuse help to Eva Smith. She felt that it was impertinent of Eva to call herself Mrs Birling. Furthermore, she was a liar (as her children soon found out) as she had refused to acknowledge the photo of Eva and was adamant about not having met her. However after repeated questioning, she admitted that Eva had came to her for help before. She is also in the dark about Eric’s drinking habit and realizes that Sheila is not as pure as Mrs. Birling thought she was (â€Å"ran away with only a torn blouse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Shelia!†). This goes to show that Mrs Birling does not understand her children well enough to reveal their characters. Sheila had been thought to be a simple-minded girl and who was always excited. However after tonight, she became a changed person. She became the opposite of her parents and her views contradict the views of her parents. She felt that she was solely responsible that Eva had committed suicide. However, she knew the â€Å"importance† of civic mindedness when she discovers  that all of the Birlings and Gerald had each played a part to help in killing her. Sheila is also perceptive when she says that the inspector â€Å"he’s giving us the rope – so that we’ll hang ourselves†. This shows that she thinks deeply and with consideration. In this way, she becomes wiser at the end of the play and views things from a different angle. Gerald is seen as a dynamic character, who switches his â€Å"face† again and again so that we view different angles of him. In the start, he agrees with everything Mr. Birling about civic mindedness and all that nonsense. Our impression of him at the start is a man who has a lack of civic mindedness and indifference. However, we see a change in his character when he comes clean on having a relationship with Eva. But there is just one flaw, when the Inspector leaves and he comes back, he tells them that there was no such Inspector. When it was confirmed with a phone call to the Colonel Roberts, he breathes a heavy sigh of relief. Does this show that he was hypocritical and only wanted to get off the hook? For Eric, we can see that he contradicts with whatever his father says. Even at the end, he argues with his father daringly. It is not sure whether he had argued with on the basis of spiting him or to really show his true feelings on how his father had treated Eva. He also shows remorse when he says â€Å"we did her in all right†. He also stands strong on Sheila’s side on how it did not matter whether the Inspector was a fraud. What was important was that they had all did something wrong even if the girls were different.

Free Essays on Diocletians Reforms

Diocletian’s Reforms The Roman empire regained order and stability through its powerful emperor Diocletian. He made a set of reforms to stabilize the empire. He knew that if he did not do so, the empire would eventually fall. One of the first notable things Diocletian decided to do to stabilize the empire was to establish a capital. He said,†Wherever I am, that’s where the capital is.† The capital was in no specific place. However he did spend most of his time fighting for his empire against the Germans along the Northern border. The next set of reforms involved the military. First, he took each legion and divided them in half. This created double the amount of legions, but they were significantly smaller. When he drafted soldiers to fight, he did not draft a certain number of men but rather a number of legions. He never increased the men per legion. This then led to the military becoming more mobile. Since the Roman army moved too slow, Diocletian wanted to mount them on horses. This created a light calvary and enabled them to move on and off the battlefield more of a swift fashion. His next set of reforms included the establishment of the Oriental Monarchy. This meant that their was a psychological distance between him and his subjects. This created a huge bureaucracy and his subjects had to wait weeks just to see him. He overwhelmed his subjects by wearing a huge gold crown and cape that took nearly 12 men to carry behind him. He then set up economic reforms. These played a huge part in Diocletian’s attempt to reconstruct the empire. He invented a coinage system and put a value to each coin. It is similar to the system we have today. ( for quarters equal one dollar. So on and so forth.) However, some problems developed from his economic system. Their were not enough metals to go around, which made it impossible to create more coins, and eventually led to gold being worth much more ... Free Essays on Diocletians Reforms Free Essays on Diocletians Reforms Diocletian’s Reforms The Roman empire regained order and stability through its powerful emperor Diocletian. He made a set of reforms to stabilize the empire. He knew that if he did not do so, the empire would eventually fall. One of the first notable things Diocletian decided to do to stabilize the empire was to establish a capital. He said,†Wherever I am, that’s where the capital is.† The capital was in no specific place. However he did spend most of his time fighting for his empire against the Germans along the Northern border. The next set of reforms involved the military. First, he took each legion and divided them in half. This created double the amount of legions, but they were significantly smaller. When he drafted soldiers to fight, he did not draft a certain number of men but rather a number of legions. He never increased the men per legion. This then led to the military becoming more mobile. Since the Roman army moved too slow, Diocletian wanted to mount them on horses. This created a light calvary and enabled them to move on and off the battlefield more of a swift fashion. His next set of reforms included the establishment of the Oriental Monarchy. This meant that their was a psychological distance between him and his subjects. This created a huge bureaucracy and his subjects had to wait weeks just to see him. He overwhelmed his subjects by wearing a huge gold crown and cape that took nearly 12 men to carry behind him. He then set up economic reforms. These played a huge part in Diocletian’s attempt to reconstruct the empire. He invented a coinage system and put a value to each coin. It is similar to the system we have today. ( for quarters equal one dollar. So on and so forth.) However, some problems developed from his economic system. Their were not enough metals to go around, which made it impossible to create more coins, and eventually led to gold being worth much more ...

Why Do I Deserve To In This Scholarship

Why Do I Deserve To In This Scholarship Why Do I Deserve To In This Scholarship I am 51 year old, disabled for eight years and divorced. I grew up with a father who was a preacher. I have a low but fixed income. I have faced various challenges since the time that I was in school. I lost my sister in august 2009 then I was also hospitalized the day that my sister died after suffering from two blood clots one in each lung, in guarded condition; more to that, I lost a friend who was a mentor two years ago. Despite all these challenges, I have maintained a 3.7 grade average. In my first semester, in KaplanUniversity, I attained an average grade of 4.0 still being able to attain 3.7-grade average. For now, I have one semester left before I attain an associate of applied science in computer information network administration. I have a plan to remain in school after I graduate so that I can attain a degree in criminal justice computer crimes. I need to take a major in criminal justice and a minor in information technology. I also have a desire to continue with my education after this so that I can attain a Masters degree. I would also apply for an internship in the criminal justice field so that I can obtain at least a part time job after completing my internship. I have had great achievements. I appeared in the president list during the first semester, and I have appeared in the deans list every semester. I have also managed to maintain a grade point average. I have also written a manual on how computer works and hope to publish the manual. I have a passion in helping the unfortunate members of the society. I usually rebuild computers and donate them to people who are trying to better their lives by going back to school. I am also a volunteer in my grandsons school. I spend three times a week helping with class work and in field trips. I have learnt to overcome obstacles since the time I became disabled. I have grown from being a depressed person who had no hopes and dreams of having a good life. Now I know that am able to overcome anything that comes on my way towards getting my degree. Despite that fact that I do not have money I have great faith that I will find a way to make it. Since I understand that, Ability is what you're capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it. It is with this passion that I make the application to offered scholarship so that I can realize my dream.

Public budgeting Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Public budgeting - Article Example The article starts by laying down the statistics from the Federal Reserve displaying the high number of Americans, and the all-time $975 billion dollars in the year 2008. The projections as of the time was that debt would keep on increasing since people kept reaching for the credit cards debts in order to make ends meet. According to the statistics from the Sachs & Williamson (2009), many consumers have more than five credit cards, with an average total of about five each per family. The psychological look at the consumers by the researchers termed the consumers as having a low debt recovery modality owing to the many debts they find themselves wading. As such, they stray from what they term as normative debt management principles (Amar, et al., 2011). Consumers go forward and start paying individual debts while not looking at the value of each and every debt and prioritizing them. The total redemption from indebtedness is difficult, something that sometimes prompt consumer’s adoption of sub-goals that are normally aimed at settling the individual debts. They sometimes settle the small debts and remain with the huger ones. The oblivion borne by the consumers to the larger debts and misplaced focus by them is what takes a huge toll in the paper as the author analyses the things to do when one is indebted (Heckler, 2013). To the authors, paying of the small debts and remaining with the bigger ones might help relieve the burden but the amount to pay keeps sk y-rocketing as one dilly-dallies. The article is well arranged as the authors move from the obvious to the completely hard stuff concerning debt management. The authors lay down the statistics, the trend in debt management, then finally give their opinion of what should really be happening in the real world concerning the issue of contention. Authors term paying off of debts with larger

Karaoke machine circuit based in transistors+ graphic equalizer Essay

Karaoke machine circuit based in transistors+ graphic equalizer - Essay Example The circuit will include following essential elements 1. Two inputs, 1 for microphone and a second for Line input, which could be mixed and boosted with a common emitter amplifier stage. 2. A six-band graphic equalizers stage. 3. A common emitter voltage boost amplifier stage. 4. A common collector power amplifier. 5. Circuit works from mains power supply. Circuit Operation Detailed circuit operation is given as under:- Power Supply The power supply is connected to pre amplifier and power amplifier blocks. The Transformer T1 is a simple step-down transformer which takes 240 V Ac current and gives out 9.5 V Ac at current rating of 1.3 amps approximately. The circuit requires steady DC current therefore output of transformer is applied to rectifiers. Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils. When current in the primary coil is changed, the flux linked to the secondary coil also changes. Consequently, an EMF is induced in the secondary coil. The transformer T1 consists of a rectangular core of soft iron in the form of sheets insulated from one another. Two separate coils of insulated wires, a primary coil and a secondary coil are wound on the core. These coils are well insulated from one another and from the core. The coil on the input side is called Primary coil and the coil on the output side is called Secondary coil. According to Faradays law EMF induced in a coil depends upon the rate of change of magnetic flux in the coil. If resistance of the coil is small then the induced EMF will be equal to voltage applied. A transformer in which Number of turns in primary coil are greater than Number of turns in secondary coil (Np>Ns) is called a step down transformer which is T1 in this case. In this way the Step down transformer T1 converts high alternate voltage of 240V to low alternate voltage of 9.5 V with current rating of 1.3 amps approximately. This voltage is next passed on to a rectifier to obtain a steady DC voltage. Rectifier D1 con sists of four diodes which are meant to convert Ac into DC. During each half of current cycle the diodes block reverse current and allow forward current. Rectifier D1 is a full wave rectifier which works during both positive and negative cycle of AC. Rectification is the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This involves a device that only allows one-way flow of electrons and it is built around a four-diode bridge configuration therefore called a full-wave bridge or rectifier .Regardless of the polarity of the input, the current flows in the same direction through the load. That is, the negative half-cycle of source is a positive half-cycle at the load. The current flow is through two diodes in series for both polarities. Rectifier bridge works half time during positive sinosidal wave and half time during negative sinosidal wave. The result is a steady DC current measuring 9.5 V. This current is applied to Capacitor C18 with value 2500 uf, which charges the in put to around 13.5-14V peak voltage. This voltage is passed to a standard 12 V regulator IC1 that gives steady DC output of 12 V to run the complete circuit. In the power supply, heat is dissipated during transformer and voltage regulation stages. The capability of a capacitor to store electricity is known as capacitance of that capacitor. It is denoted by C. The measuring unit of capacitance is Farad, but Farad is very large unit. Its smaller units are Kilo Micro Farad (KMFD), Micro

Subordinate Group Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Subordinate Group - Coursework Example It was possible to move from the plantations to the urban areas, but they chose not to do so because, in urban areas, it was not possible to live with one’s family (Hurt, 3). According to records, it was after complete slavery of four generations, that is, in the twentieth century that a ray of hope appeared. By that time, the system of slavery started vanishing, and more and more slaves were getting freed. Though the economic condition was rather pathetic for them, my ancestors were quite happy with the fact that at last, they were being treated as citizens. Admittedly, most of the African American people were living in the Southern United States until that time. However, their economic condition was rather pathetic, and they had no access to schools. However, situations were changing though slowly. As they got freed from bonded labor, my great grandfathers started growing cotton in a rented piece of land. It was possible to pay the rent on the harvest. Thus, what they enjoyed was a much better life as compared to the previous centuries. However, social disparities were too big to ignore. All the laws were against the African Americans. They had to attend separate schools, use separate transportation system, and lodging. My father had his birth in the year 1920, and it was two years thereafter that my whole family shifted from the South to North. My father says there are various reasons that made such a movement the best option at that time. Firstly, the life in South was getting worse because of social oppression. All the laws introduced by the government were intended to increase the social segregation. Secondly, the cotton cultivation did not go profitable as expected as they had to pay excessive rents. So, my grandparents shifted from South to North where there was a better possibility of jobs in industries (Sammis, 52). My grandparents and my father became industrial workers on reaching North.

Life Style Inventory Essay Example for Free

Life Style Inventory Essay As I look at my results from the Life Style Inventory my primary thinking style that I scored the highest in was the affiliative style at 83%. As I looked deeper at this style it fit me to a tee. I have always been warm and sincere because I always try to see the best in other people. My interpersonal relations with peers and subordinates alike have allowed me to be trusted and liked by others. This has helped me to be both diplomatic and tactful in my decisions as a manager. My genuine concern for people and ability to accept change easily has placed me in a leadership position many times just because I am able to listen and feel that people are more important than things. Next we will be looking at my backup personal thinking style and I had a two way tie between Self- Actualization and Humanistic- Encouraging at 75%. In the Humanistic-Encouragement thinking style I love to teach and enjoy sharing knowledge with others. I am very supportive of others and encourage others to strive for excellence and to think for themselves. As a good listener I am supportive of others and always willing to take time with people. Now with Self-Actualization I am a creative thinker and can communicate easily and very aware of my own feelings. I tend to be optimistic and realistic with my judgments and I have a high level of personal integrity. As I look at these three thinking styles I completely agree with them as my strengths. I have always been the equalizer and the manager called upon to best deal with conflict. I value my employees, focus upon perceptions, and know their needs. Honor and Integrity direct my morale fiber and I hold respect as being the most important element that people need in their lives. These styles are all important for training and developing a strong working team and have made me valued as a good leader and well thought of by my peers. When I at look at any of these thinking styles that may be limiting me I would have to turn towards Approval. I feel that I can be overly trusting too fast and too agreeable with others opinions. Whether you are overly seeking approval or accepting others values too much this style can work against you and be called being too generous to a fault. I feel that I would like to have better control upon being overly sympathetic with people. I have the ability to give people too many chances to improve or correct their behavior when in all actuality it would have been better to have cut our losses after the first counseling session failed. Giving an employee a fair chance is fine but when I go too far it can appear like favoritism or special treatment. If the employees know that you are overly sympathetic they will also play to this weakness to get out of the hot seat. The team likes you and shows approval on the surface but really they do not respect you and view you as a push over. I sometimes fight this behavior because there is a fine line between the perception of not caring and being not sympathetic enough and being overly sympathetic to a fault. I always know that you cannot please everyone as a good leader and some may even oppose you, but if upper management sees you as being too soft and overly sympathetic then you are not taking care of the business. Impact on Management Style: Planning When I think of my primary and back up styles of thinking I can see the affiliative style having me motivate my team through using praise and friendliness. This can help me in the planning phase by getting valuable input from my team through building trust and meaningful relationships that are reciprocated. This helps us to feel like a team and make informed decisions from data collected by our team and helps us to build a sound plan of action. Through self-actualization I would use my sound judgment and optimistic and realistic nature to set solid goals. When making company plans my humanistic-encouragement style would have me utilize my knowledge of the company’s needs and the teams needs to make good plans. Being a good listener also makes planning a lot easier. Organizing With my ability to develop and teach others and listening to my team while easily adapting to change I am able to better organize my team by setting SMART goals and using my communication skills to keep my team well informed. By thinking outside of the box and using my creative and original thinking skills I will be able to keep all of my team on the same page with our eye on the target of success. Leading My primary and backup styles give me an excellent leadership skillset in that I listen and set own goals, but I also understand how people feel and make sound judgments. My genuine concern for others and communication skills not only give me great leadership skills but my ability to use my intuition to read people allows for proactive decisions to be made. Perhaps it is my ability to be diplomatic and tactful and see the best in others that allows for me to be respected and well thought of as a leader. Controlling Some people use intimidation and threats to control their team but giving them respect and a sense of ownership of their job allows my coaching and development style to allow peer pressure to control our team. The ability to set common goals and encourage our team to think for themselves, gives ownership and control through respect, honor, and integrity. Never asking my team to do what I am not willing to do myself and giving them the resources and tools needed to be successful keeps the respect and lines of communication open. Genesis of Personal Style: If I was to critically evaluate what has contributed the most to my personal styles it would have to be my family and growing up in the restaurant business. Always being in the public eye and dealing with guests face to face gave me a comfort at an early age of being in front of people and taking the time to listen and enjoy people. I was in the entertainment business and learned how to set goals and run a business by watching the controllable costs and giving quality service so that our guests would return. I developed understanding, humility, confidence, and personal integrity from my family. Growing up in my community and having great friends and families really made a big difference with being sincere, warm, and open. It was sports and Boy Scouts that offered discipline, commitment, and goals to my life. From my relationships built in high school and the Navy to the relationships built in business I continue to learn and strive to improve my styles to compliment my ability to lea d. Conclusion and Reflection: As I look at my Constructive skills I see how my developments of Affiliative, Humanistic-Encouragement, and Self-Actualization styles have all contributed to my ability to be a good leader. My intuitive ability to read behavior and develop teams is second nature to me and my ability to listen and be real to my team has earned me their respect. Now my Passive and Defensive styles show me that dependent and conventional may be an area to watch out for but I felt that approval was the area that concerned me the most. Specifically it may be too easy to become overly sympathetic and this could lead to being overly generous to a fault. Looking at my Aggressive and Defensive Styles I look at oppositional and competitive styles and giving me the ability to question everything and always inspect everything before making a decision, be the best at what we do, and set the benchmark of our industry. I feel that the LSI shows us our strengths and opportunities and while we are always striving to improve our behaviors we must look at our beliefs in why we find our behavior acceptable and seek to make changes here, because in order to improve one’s behavior we must change our beliefs first. I feel that I would like to improve upon being less sympathetic and watch my procrastination by setting clear boundaries a staying to the specific rules. It is important for me not to put things off for tomorrow if I can do it today. I also would like to not get overly involved in team members personal issues that are affecting their work. This exercise helped me to look closely at how other styles can overshadow the positives of other styles and be counterproductive. This has helped me because as I see that several of my styles help me to be a good leader but now I have a better understanding on what other styles can limit my constructive styles ie, if I have a high affiliative and a high power style then I would desire to have close friendships but try to control and dominate these friendships which will result in a negative relationship. Overall this has been a great tool for my future in management and beter understanding my thinking and behavior process.

Lord of the Rings :: essays papers

Lord of the Rings Tolkien's famous book, "The Lord of the Rings", has been repudiated as one of the best fantasies ever written. Tolkien creates a very deep intimacy between the book and the reader, he captures the reader's attention and lures him into the story. One of the ways how this cathartic relationship is created is through the use of reality of the situation in the story. Tolkien has conjured up a fantasy language, to show the actuality this novel may present. Some quotations of this language are: "eleventy-first birthday" "The invitation were limited to twelve-dozen (a number also called a Gross by the hobbits)" "Many young hobbits were included and present by parental permission for hobbits were easy going with their children in the matter of sitting up late." "What may you be wanting?" "It was a cheerless land" "The hobbits were merrymaking happily." Not only does the language create a land but it may also add a bit of humor. This humor can also express the merriness of the people that have been written about. The language, in English is not exactly incorrect but it is odd, strange, and different, which matches the theme and plot. Tolkien, like mostly every other author has one main, specific goal during the exposition of the story, which is to capture the reader's attention. In the beginning of "The Lord of the Rings," Tolkien presents events of happiness, mystery, tales of power, chase, by evil riders, battles, and strange encounters. Through this process, Tolkien has created a grasp upon the reader's attention, although, in the beginning, there is not much of a sort or understanding of the condition and the state of the tale. Later on in the story, in the "Council of Ehond," Tolkien regains control of the story and presents the understanding. At that time, the reader understands the story, and is also eager to read on. Tolkien thought of it better to catch the attention and then promote the comprehension of the tale. The Lord of the Rings is indeed a fantastic book with times of happiness, war, mystery, conflict, and passion. In order to create the full cathartic effect of presenting and expressing the magnitude of the potential of each feeling, emphasis must be exercised. If emphasis was not used, the essence of "The Lord of the Rings" could not be how it is; it would be a monotonous tale without any events of objects with great importance.